1. Bratton, Benjamin. “On Speculative Design.” Speech February 10, 2016 at the University of California, San Diego. http://dismagazine.com/discussion/81971/on-speculative-design-benjamin-h-bratton/.
2. Chieza, Natsai Audrey. “Fashion Has a Pollution Problem - Can Biology Fix It?” Filmed October 2017 at TED@BCG Milan. Video, 13:06. www.ted.com/talks/natsai_audrey_chieza_fashion_has_a_pollution_problem_can_biology_fix_it?language=en.
3. Ginsberg, Alexandra Daisy, et al. Synthetic Aesthetics: Investigating Synthetic Biology's Designs on Nature. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014.
4. Gray, Ellen. “Drought in eastern Mediterranean worst of past 900 years.” NASA’s Earth Science News Team. February 29, 2015. Accessed October 2, 2020. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2408/drought-in-eastern-mediterranean-worst-of-past-900-years/.
5. Hockfield, Susan. The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2019.
6. Lee, Heesu. “Bushfires Release Over Half Australia’s Annual Carbon Emissions.” Time, December 23, 2019, https://time.com/5754990/australia-carbon-emissions-fires/.
7. McLennan, Jason F. The Philosophy of Sustainable Design: The Future of Architecture. Kansis City: Ecotone Publishing, 2004.
8. Morton, Oliver. “A whole new world.” The Economist Technology Quarterly: Synthetic biology, April 6, 2019.
9. Myers, William. Bio Design: Nature, Science, Creativity. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2018.
10. NASA. “Vital Signs: Carbon Dioxide.” Last modified September 28, 2020. Accessed October 2, 2020. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/.
11. NASA. “Vital Signs: Global Temperature.” Last modified September 28, 2020. Accessed October 2, 2020. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/.
12. National Geographic. “Freshwater Crisis.” Accessed September 24, 2020. www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-crisis/.
13. National Snow & Ice Data Center. “Charctic Interactive Sea Ice Graph.” Accessed October 2, 2020. https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/charctic-interactive-sea-ice-graph/.
14. The Ocean Cleanup. “The Great Pacific Garbage Patch.” Accessed October 2, 2020. https://theoceancleanup.com/great-pacific-garbage-patch/.
15. Online Etymology Dictionary. “Nature.” Accessed April 11, 2020. www.etymonline.com/word/nature.
16. Oxman, Neri. “Design at the Intersection of Technology and Biology.” Filmed March 2015 at TED. Video, 17:24. www.ted.com/talks/neri_oxman_design_at_the_intersection_of_technology_and_biology?language=en.
17. Schneider-Mayerson, Matthew, and Brent Ryan Bellamy. An Ecotopian Lexicon. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019.
18. Swart, Sandra. “Frankenzebra: Dangerous Knowledge and the Narrative Construction of Monsters.” Journal of Literary Studies 30, no. 4 (December 2014): 45-70.
19. Turnbaugh, Peter J., et al. “The Human Microbiome Project.” Nature 449 (2007): 804-810.
20. Twist, Jo. “Eco-designs on future cities.” BBC News, July 14, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4682011.stm.
21. van de Guchte, Maarten, Hervé Blottière, and Joël Doré. “Humans as holobionts: implications for prevention and therapy.” Microbiome 6, no. 81 (2018): 1-6.
22. Walsh, Catherine E. and Walter Mignolo, “The Invention of the Human and the Three Pillars of the Colonial Matrix of Power: Racism, Sexism, and Nature.” In On Decoloniality, 153-176. Durham: Duke University Press, 2018.
23. Watson, Julia. Lo-TEK: Design by Radical Indigenism. Cologne: Taschen, 2019.
24. Wray, Britt. Rise of the Necrofauna: The Science, Ethics, and Risks of De-Extinction. Vancouver: Greystone Books, 2017.
25. WWF. “Australia’s 2019-2020 Bushfires: The Wildlife Toll.” July 28, 2020. Accessed August 28, 2020. www.wwf.org.au/news/news/2020/3-billion-animals-impacted-by-australia-bushfire-crisis#gs.hn2sul.
Image sources
‘Aguahoja,’ MIT Mediated Matter Group, https://mediatedmattergroup.com/aguahoja.
‘Carrara Marble Quarries,’ Edward Burtynsky, www.edwardburtynsky.com/projects/photographs/anthropocene.
‘Colonies,’ Tal Danino Art, www.taldaninoart.com/colonies.
‘Cricket Shelter,’ TerreformOne, www.terreform.org/projects_cricket.html.
‘Cyanobacteria,’ LabRoots, www.labroots.com/trending/microbiology/1963/fresh-air-courtesy-of-cyanobacteria.
‘The domestication of carrots,’ The World Carrot Museum, www.carrotmuseum.co.uk/historyusa.html.
‘Earthrise,’ NASA, www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1249.html.
‘Fab Tree Hab,’ TerreformOne, https://terreform.com/fab-tree-hab.
‘Faber Futures,’ Faber Futures, https://faberfutures.com/today-at-apple-think-like-a-cell-the-secrets-of-biodesign/.
‘Faber Futures,’ TL Magazine, https://tlmagazine.com/faber-futures-natsai-audrey-chieza/.
‘Frankenstein, 1931,’ Letterboxd, https://letterboxd.com/film/frankenstein-1931/.
‘The Geological Time Spiral - A Path to the Past,’ US Geological Survey, https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2008/58/.
‘James Watson and Francis Crick,’ BBC, www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z4pd382.
‘Kelp tableware,’ Digby Ayton, www.digbyayton.com/on-kelp-and-design.
‘Living Root Bridges,’ Amos Chapple, www.amoschapplephoto.com/.
‘Magnolia Cotton Mill, Mississippi,’ Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/2018675868/.
‘Microbial Me,’ Mellisa Fisher, www.mellissafisher.com/microbial-me.
‘Ocean plastic sneakers, Adidas,’ Dezeen, www.dezeen.com/2016/06/08/adidas-trainers-parley-for-the-ocean-plastic-design-recycling/.
‘Prometheus Brings Fire,’ Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_fueger_1817_prometheus_brings_fire_to_mankind.jpg.
‘The Scatalog,’ Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg, www.daisyginsberg.com/work/echromi-living-colour-from-bacteria.
‘Shinkansen,’ Japan Visitor, www.japanvisitor.com/japan-transport/shinkansen-network.
‘Silk Pavilion I,’ MIT Media Lab Mediated Matter Group, www.media.mit.edu/projects/silk-pavilion/overview/.
‘Silk Pavilion I,’ The Verge, www.theverge.com/2013/6/6/4401184/mit-media-lab-silk-pavilion.
‘Vitruvian Man,’ Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man#/media/File:Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg.
Video sources
“Fungi time lapse videos,” Amazingfungi, https://youtu.be/i9T727tz7FA.
“Mould Time-lapse,” BBC One, https://youtu.be/GY_uMH8Xpy0.
“Mushroom Bloom Timelapse,” Subwaysurfer, https://youtu.be/b-nJ0ROGD14.
“The Rise of Molds,” Beauty of Science, https://youtu.be/IQ8Br_sUfI8.
“Seeing the Beautiful Intelligence of Microbes,” Quanta Magazine, www.quantamagazine.org/the-beautiful-intelligence-of-bacteria-and-other-microbes-20171113/.
“What self-driving cars can learn from brainless slime mold,” Verge Science, https://youtu.be/40f7_93NIgA.
2. Chieza, Natsai Audrey. “Fashion Has a Pollution Problem - Can Biology Fix It?” Filmed October 2017 at TED@BCG Milan. Video, 13:06. www.ted.com/talks/natsai_audrey_chieza_fashion_has_a_pollution_problem_can_biology_fix_it?language=en.
3. Ginsberg, Alexandra Daisy, et al. Synthetic Aesthetics: Investigating Synthetic Biology's Designs on Nature. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014.
4. Gray, Ellen. “Drought in eastern Mediterranean worst of past 900 years.” NASA’s Earth Science News Team. February 29, 2015. Accessed October 2, 2020. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2408/drought-in-eastern-mediterranean-worst-of-past-900-years/.
5. Hockfield, Susan. The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology Revolution. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2019.
6. Lee, Heesu. “Bushfires Release Over Half Australia’s Annual Carbon Emissions.” Time, December 23, 2019, https://time.com/5754990/australia-carbon-emissions-fires/.
7. McLennan, Jason F. The Philosophy of Sustainable Design: The Future of Architecture. Kansis City: Ecotone Publishing, 2004.
8. Morton, Oliver. “A whole new world.” The Economist Technology Quarterly: Synthetic biology, April 6, 2019.
9. Myers, William. Bio Design: Nature, Science, Creativity. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2018.
10. NASA. “Vital Signs: Carbon Dioxide.” Last modified September 28, 2020. Accessed October 2, 2020. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/.
11. NASA. “Vital Signs: Global Temperature.” Last modified September 28, 2020. Accessed October 2, 2020. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/.
12. National Geographic. “Freshwater Crisis.” Accessed September 24, 2020. www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-crisis/.
13. National Snow & Ice Data Center. “Charctic Interactive Sea Ice Graph.” Accessed October 2, 2020. https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/charctic-interactive-sea-ice-graph/.
14. The Ocean Cleanup. “The Great Pacific Garbage Patch.” Accessed October 2, 2020. https://theoceancleanup.com/great-pacific-garbage-patch/.
15. Online Etymology Dictionary. “Nature.” Accessed April 11, 2020. www.etymonline.com/word/nature.
16. Oxman, Neri. “Design at the Intersection of Technology and Biology.” Filmed March 2015 at TED. Video, 17:24. www.ted.com/talks/neri_oxman_design_at_the_intersection_of_technology_and_biology?language=en.
17. Schneider-Mayerson, Matthew, and Brent Ryan Bellamy. An Ecotopian Lexicon. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019.
18. Swart, Sandra. “Frankenzebra: Dangerous Knowledge and the Narrative Construction of Monsters.” Journal of Literary Studies 30, no. 4 (December 2014): 45-70.
19. Turnbaugh, Peter J., et al. “The Human Microbiome Project.” Nature 449 (2007): 804-810.
20. Twist, Jo. “Eco-designs on future cities.” BBC News, July 14, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4682011.stm.
21. van de Guchte, Maarten, Hervé Blottière, and Joël Doré. “Humans as holobionts: implications for prevention and therapy.” Microbiome 6, no. 81 (2018): 1-6.
22. Walsh, Catherine E. and Walter Mignolo, “The Invention of the Human and the Three Pillars of the Colonial Matrix of Power: Racism, Sexism, and Nature.” In On Decoloniality, 153-176. Durham: Duke University Press, 2018.
23. Watson, Julia. Lo-TEK: Design by Radical Indigenism. Cologne: Taschen, 2019.
24. Wray, Britt. Rise of the Necrofauna: The Science, Ethics, and Risks of De-Extinction. Vancouver: Greystone Books, 2017.
25. WWF. “Australia’s 2019-2020 Bushfires: The Wildlife Toll.” July 28, 2020. Accessed August 28, 2020. www.wwf.org.au/news/news/2020/3-billion-animals-impacted-by-australia-bushfire-crisis#gs.hn2sul.
Image sources
‘Aguahoja,’ MIT Mediated Matter Group, https://mediatedmattergroup.com/aguahoja.
‘Carrara Marble Quarries,’ Edward Burtynsky, www.edwardburtynsky.com/projects/photographs/anthropocene.
‘Colonies,’ Tal Danino Art, www.taldaninoart.com/colonies.
‘Cricket Shelter,’ TerreformOne, www.terreform.org/projects_cricket.html.
‘Cyanobacteria,’ LabRoots, www.labroots.com/trending/microbiology/1963/fresh-air-courtesy-of-cyanobacteria.
‘The domestication of carrots,’ The World Carrot Museum, www.carrotmuseum.co.uk/historyusa.html.
‘Earthrise,’ NASA, www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1249.html.
‘Fab Tree Hab,’ TerreformOne, https://terreform.com/fab-tree-hab.
‘Faber Futures,’ Faber Futures, https://faberfutures.com/today-at-apple-think-like-a-cell-the-secrets-of-biodesign/.
‘Faber Futures,’ TL Magazine, https://tlmagazine.com/faber-futures-natsai-audrey-chieza/.
‘Frankenstein, 1931,’ Letterboxd, https://letterboxd.com/film/frankenstein-1931/.
‘The Geological Time Spiral - A Path to the Past,’ US Geological Survey, https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2008/58/.
‘James Watson and Francis Crick,’ BBC, www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z4pd382.
‘Kelp tableware,’ Digby Ayton, www.digbyayton.com/on-kelp-and-design.
‘Living Root Bridges,’ Amos Chapple, www.amoschapplephoto.com/.
‘Magnolia Cotton Mill, Mississippi,’ Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/2018675868/.
‘Microbial Me,’ Mellisa Fisher, www.mellissafisher.com/microbial-me.
‘Ocean plastic sneakers, Adidas,’ Dezeen, www.dezeen.com/2016/06/08/adidas-trainers-parley-for-the-ocean-plastic-design-recycling/.
‘Prometheus Brings Fire,’ Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_fueger_1817_prometheus_brings_fire_to_mankind.jpg.
‘The Scatalog,’ Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg, www.daisyginsberg.com/work/echromi-living-colour-from-bacteria.
‘Shinkansen,’ Japan Visitor, www.japanvisitor.com/japan-transport/shinkansen-network.
‘Silk Pavilion I,’ MIT Media Lab Mediated Matter Group, www.media.mit.edu/projects/silk-pavilion/overview/.
‘Silk Pavilion I,’ The Verge, www.theverge.com/2013/6/6/4401184/mit-media-lab-silk-pavilion.
‘Vitruvian Man,’ Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man#/media/File:Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg.
Video sources
“Fungi time lapse videos,” Amazingfungi, https://youtu.be/i9T727tz7FA.
“Mould Time-lapse,” BBC One, https://youtu.be/GY_uMH8Xpy0.
“Mushroom Bloom Timelapse,” Subwaysurfer, https://youtu.be/b-nJ0ROGD14.
“The Rise of Molds,” Beauty of Science, https://youtu.be/IQ8Br_sUfI8.
“Seeing the Beautiful Intelligence of Microbes,” Quanta Magazine, www.quantamagazine.org/the-beautiful-intelligence-of-bacteria-and-other-microbes-20171113/.
“What self-driving cars can learn from brainless slime mold,” Verge Science, https://youtu.be/40f7_93NIgA.